Top 5 AMD Athlon Motherboards

	ASUS A8N-SLI The ASUS P5ND2-SLI Deluxe is an all new AMD 64-bit Socket 939 platform which gives leading performance with multimedia applications. With SLI PCI Express graphics, Serial ATA and RAID support, 6-channel sound, IEEE 1394, and USB2.0 - you can just imagine what power you can get out of this one.
	MSI K7N2G-ILSR The MSI K7N2G-ILSR offers ard offers a combination of performance and flexibility at a reasonable price. Everything you need is built in: AGP 8X, support for Serial ATA RAID, 6-channel sound, IEEE 1394, USB2.0 and powerful nForce2 integrated graphics. Highly recommended.
	Chaintech SK8T800 Chaintech has always made quality motherboards and the SK8T800 is no exception. A Socket 754 platform, this board provides AGP 4X/8X support and incorporates a long list of features. It has performed very well in various benchmark tests too. Overall, a solid motherboard at a very good price.
	ABIT NF7-S2 The ABIT NF7-S2 is designed with the overclocker in mind. Standard stuff is all there: AGP 8x, DDR memory, Serial ATA support, 6 channel audio, USB 2.0 support and IEEE 1394 support. Do take note that you buy a board that is version 1.2 or higher. Overclocking was touted to be problem in earlier versions.
	Gigabyte GA-K8U The Gigabyte GA-K8U represents great value for money. Run an AMD Athlon 64 processor with DDR400 memory, SATA hard drive, AGP 8X video, built-in audio sound and high speed USB 2.0 support. This Socket 754 board is best suited for those on a budget but who still want great performance. Reference:

http://www.build-your-own-computers.com/top-5-amd-athlon-motherboards.html

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Top 5 Intel Pentium 4 Motherboard

	Intel D875PBZLK The Intel D875PBZLK is a Socket 478 motherboard that gives leading performance for Intel based systems. It supports AGP 8X and 4X, comes with built-in LAN support, USB 2.0 and serial ATA features. A very nice motherboard indeed.
	Abit IS-10 The Abit IS-10 Socket 478 motherboard releases incorporates the the Intel 865G chipset to deliver mind boggling speed and power. All the standard features of a good motherboard are there - in-built video and audio, LAN support, USB 2.0 and serial ATA. A very popular item in the market.
	Gigabyte 8I848P-G The Gigabyte 8I848P-G is a Socket 478 motherboard with integrated audio, AGP 8X and 4X support, Gigabit LAN, USB 2.0 and serial ATA features. This full-function platform delivers excellent performance and rock-solid stability. A very affordable board that should be in a budget enthusiast's shopping list.
	ASUS P4P800E Deluxe The ASUS P4P800E Deluxe is a high-end offering from the motherboard manufacturer. Built around the Intel 865PE chipset, this motherboard includes lovely features like IEEE 1394 connectivity, Multi-RAID technolog, as well as 8-channel audio, Serial ATA, USB 2.0 and Gigabit LAN. You get giddy just reading that don't you? There's also an interesting Wi-Fi slot that can be used for wireless LAN upgrade.
	Gigabyte 8I915PL-G A second Gigabyte board on our list? Well, yes. The Gigabyte 8I915PL-G Socket 775 motherboard is a solid performer with built-in audio, LAN support, USB 2.0 and serial ATA features. Most importantly, it comes with PCI Express support, which is needed to power the next generation of video cards.

Pentium 4 Motherboard, Intel Motherboard 

reference: http://www.build-your-own-computers.com/top-5-intel-pentium-motherboards.html

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RFID, What is RFID

From Wikipedia

An GS1-EPC

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology with components that are not a replacement for the barcoding, but a complement for distant reading of codes. The technology is used for automatically identifying a package or an item. To do this, it relies on RFID tags. These are small transponders (combined radio receiver and transmitter) that will transmit identity information over a short distance, when they are asked to. The other piece to make use of RFID tags is an RFID tag reader.

An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. Most tags carry a plain text inscription and a barcode as complements for direct reading and for cases of any failure of radio frequency electronics.

Most RFID tags contain at least two parts. One is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and de-modulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized functions. The second is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.

There are generally two types of RFID tags: active RFID tags, which contain a battery, and passive RFID tags, which have no battery.

Uses

RFID systems are used for the following:

• General transport (logistics), tracking a package, parcel; replacing barcodes
• Tracking vehicles for road toll
• Many countries have started using RFID chips in passports
• Making products harder to falsify; currently proposed for drugs
• Tags in clothing, eg. in Jeans
• Sealing for containers (for the shipping industry). Not required yet.
• Identifying animals; used for tracking pets, but also for research, for example on turtles.
• Keys for vehicles. The vehicle key has an RFID tag inside; only the key with the right RFID tag can start the vehicle (this makes copying vehicle keys harder). Also used for locking/unlocking vehicles from a distance.
• Contactless identity cards, for example to regulate entry into certain areas; also used for ticketing, or public transport

Reference:http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID

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3D Printer

A 3D printer is a computer output device that can make solid copies of objects from computer drawings. There are a number of different types. All of these work in different ways. Some use powder. Some use liquid plastic. They all make the object by building it up layer by layer.

In some industries these printers are called rapid protoyping machines

[change]Uses

• Car makers use 3D printers to try out new shapes for door handles etc.
• Designers use 3D printers to try new shapes for mobile phones, MP3 players etc.
• Artists can create new sculptures
• Jewelry designers can try out new ideas and make molds for rings

Source: http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_Printer

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DDR2 SDRAM , DDR2 Ram

DDR2 SDRAM

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In information technologies we use the term DDR2 SDRAM for a Double Data Rate memory module of the second generation. Thistechnology is used for high speed storage of the working data.

Comparisons

The main difference between DDR and DDR2 modules is that the bus on which the DDR2 memory modules are working is clocked at twice the speed of the memory cells. In practical terms we can say that four words of data can be transferred during one memory cell cycle. To sum it up DDR2 can effectively operate at twice the bus speed of DDR.

Specification standards

Chips and modules

For use in PCs, DDR2 SDRAM is supplied in DIMMs with 240 pins and a single locating notch. DIMMs are identified by their peak transfer capacity (often called bandwidth).

Standard name	Memory clock	Cycle time	I/O Bus clock	Data transfers per second	Module name	Peak transfer rate
DDR2-400	100 MHz	10 ns	200 MHz	400 Million	PC2-3200	3200 MB/s
DDR2-533	133 MHz	7.5 ns	266 MHz	533 Million	PC2-4200	4266 MB/s
DDR2-667	166 MHz	6 ns	333 MHz	667 Million	PC2-5300	5333 MB/s
DDR2-800	200 MHz	5 ns	400 MHz	800 Million	PC2-6400	6400 MB/s
DDR2-1066	266 MHz	3.75 ns	533 MHz	1066 Million	PC2-8500	8533 MB/s

Reference:http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR2_SDRAM

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Introduction to PC Hardware, Computer hardware

Computer hardware or hardware means the fixed parts that make up a computer.

Some examples include:

• processor
• memory
• motherboard
• graphics card
• network card
• modem
• USB flash drive
• hard drive

Hardware needs software to tell it what to do. Without software, the hardware can not be used.

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Motherboard Parts, Parts of Motherboard

Motherboard is the main part of Computer. A Motherboard have different ports for different type of devices. It is like heart of Computer.


Following are the main parts of Motherboard.








1) Memory Slots


Memory Slots also known as Memory banks. A bank should complete with memory Modules of same size for example


3 (3 *1) Three Memory slots with one bank


4(2*2) Four Memory Slots with two banks


2) Processor Socket


A Motherboard also have sockets for Processor. There are many Sockets exist but two of them are more common. These are used by Intel and AMD.


a) The Pin Grid Array (PGA)


b) The Land Grid Array (LGA)


In case of PGA a CPU will have pins to fit on Socket while in case of LGA a CPU will not have such pins and it will just sit on the Socket.


3) ATA and S-ATA Interface connectors


ATA is Same thing as IDE. It stand for Advanced Technology Attachment. It is Used to connect hard drives and optic drives. We can attach two drive on same ribbon. One will be master and other will be slave.


S-ATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is new technology that is faster than ATA and only one device can be attach using this Technology.


4) Floppy Drive Connector


It is used to connect Floppy Drive but this technology is going to disappear and we will not use it.

5) 32 bit PCI Slots, AGP And PCIe


32 bit slots Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) are used to install sound cards, graphic cards, Ethernet cards and modems.


The motherboard parts Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and PCI Epress (PCIe) focus on graphic cards only. AGP standards use x2, x4 or x8 technologies. AGP 8 being the best, it is highly boosting your graphics and video performances. In Comparison with his old brother PCI, it is day and night.


PCIe standard is even better than AGP standard, and mostly the only one used right now. Some like to say, PCIe is a AGP standard at x16 and it is the #1 choice for gaming machines right now


Back Panel Connectors
On back side of CPU you can see ports to plug the mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, sound system and any other peripherals you may have.

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